EXAM 2
                        REVIEW TOPICS


observational studies vs. experiments
population vs. sample
parameters vs. statistics

sample designs:
       voluntary response, convenience, simple random sample,
       stratified random sample, multistage sample
sample bias, undercoverage, non-response
response bias and wording effects

experimental units/subjects, factors, treatments
placebo effect, control group
experimental designs:
	comparative, randomized comparative, completely randomized,
	double blind, matched pair, block
principles: control, randomization, replication
statistical significance

randomness and probability
outcomes, the sample space, events
probability models
rules for a probability model
assigning probabilities for finite and continuous sample spaces
disjointness and independence
random variables and their probability distributions

disjointness and the addition rule
the general addition rule
Venn diagrams

independence and the multiplication rule
conditional probability 
the general multiplication rule
calculating and interpreting conditional probabilities